Lecture 8 A history of type.

Lecture 8
A History of Type


Visual communication
Verbal communication
Writing Typography


Meta Communication- a language changes another language
Paralinguistic- structures the rhythm of a language
Kinesics- changes the meaning of language 


Type classification 


Humanist
Old style
Transitional
Modern 
Slab serif
Sans serf


Age of Print
-It is thought that the late age of print, comes from the media theorist Marshal Mcluhan
-It is thought that the age of print begun in the 1450's
-It began after the dark age when no-one wrote or read
-Renaissance was the time of moveable type which allowed people to be educated this time came after the dark ages.
-GutenBerg Printed Press

Roman Culture
-Trajans Colum 113AD
-Our type today is a more developed form of this below and is now used all one the world, it was originally lowercase would have been produced by monks and or scholars. while uppercase came from Roman culture.


-Gothic typefaces are often very difficult to read and so it was quickly designs to be more legible, -Humanist type forms were created by Nicholas Jenson. one of the classic feature was the upturned cross stroke of the letter E.
-Humanist was the first family of type, Centaur (Humanist) has now developed into Garamond (Old Style)
-Old style came originally from venice, and this is where Italic originated from. 
at this stage in history Typogrphy is like a form of art as well as a mode of communication.
New (old style fonts ) Palatino, Garamond, Perpetual, Gaudy old style.  


Transitional fonts 1963 ( Romand de roi)
-Europe "enlightenment" - scientific, type is logical and ordered
-18th century William Casslon created type for American Declaration, the type was upright and used fluid strokes. 


Late 19th century 
John Baskeville Created a type which had a huge contrast between think and thin, many people criticised his type and said it blinded the nation as within the letters he create think as well as thin lines.

Modern typeface known as Didone typefaces designed by Giambattista Bodoni 1784, This typeface is often used in fashion, such as Vogue magazine, as it represents style, class and elegance.

Slab Serif/ Egyptian in the 1800's screams for attention and is the opposite of Didone. 

Fat face fonts were developed n the early 19th century they are bold and look like a typewriter. 

Sans serf typeface- modernist era. 

Berthold Type Foundry in 1896, they were simple- form follows function.

Sans serif, typeface developed by Herbert Bayer in 1925, it was used as the typeface for the bauhaus and was all lower case.

Gill sans developed by Eric Gill in 1926

it reintroduced historic fonts, in the heat of modernism

Times New Roman developed by Stanley Morrison in 1932

Cooper Black- Johann Christian Bauer in 1850

Helvetica 1957- Max Miedinger  

According to Wikipedia 

Contemporary typographers view typography as craft with a very long history tracing its origins back to the first punches and dies used to make seals and currency in ancient times. The basic elements of typography are at least as old as civilisation and the earliest writing systems—a series of key developments that were eventually drawn together as a systematic craft.